Visualization with ggplot

# Visualization with <code>ggplot</code>
## Distributions
### SuffolkEcon

---

# Painting with data

You can make a `ggplot` in four steps:

_Step 1._ Choose your **data**

_Step 2._ Make a **blank canvas** with the `ggplot()` and `aes()` functions

_Step 3._ Choose your **paint** to visualization the data with a `geom_()` function (for "geometry")

_Step 4._ **Customize** the axes, colors, and so on.

---
class: inverse, center, middle

# 1. Histogram

`geom_histogram()`

---

```r
# 1. Data
*gapminder
```
]
 
.panel2-hist1-auto[

```
# A tibble: 1,704 x 6
   country     continent  year lifeExp      pop gdpPercap
   <fct>       <fct>     <int>   <dbl>    <int>     <dbl>
 1 Afghanistan Asia       1952    28.8  8425333      779.
 2 Afghanistan Asia       1957    30.3  9240934      821.
 3 Afghanistan Asia       1962    32.0 10267083      853.
 4 Afghanistan Asia       1967    34.0 11537966      836.
 5 Afghanistan Asia       1972    36.1 13079460      740.
 6 Afghanistan Asia       1977    38.4 14880372      786.
 7 Afghanistan Asia       1982    39.9 12881816      978.
 8 Afghanistan Asia       1987    40.8 13867957      852.
 9 Afghanistan Asia       1992    41.7 16317921      649.
10 Afghanistan Asia       1997    41.8 22227415      635.
# … with 1,694 more rows
```
]

---
count: false
 
### 1. Histogram
.panel1-hist1-auto[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
* ggplot(aes(x = lifeExp))
```
]
 
.panel2-hist1-auto[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/hist1_auto_02_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 1. Histogram
.panel1-hist1-auto[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
* geom_histogram()
```
]
 
.panel2-hist1-auto[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/hist1_auto_03_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 1. Histogram
.panel1-hist1-auto[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
  geom_histogram() +
# 4. customize: titles
* labs(x = "Average Life Expectancy",
*      y = "Frequency",
*      title = "How long will you live?",
*      subtitle = "1952 to 2007")
```
]
 
.panel2-hist1-auto[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/hist1_auto_04_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 1. Histogram
.panel1-hist1-auto[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
  geom_histogram() +
# 4. customize: titles
  labs(x = "Average Life Expectancy",
       y = "Frequency",
       title = "How long will you live?",
       subtitle = "1952 to 2007")  +
# 4. customize: one panel per continent
* facet_wrap(~continent)
```
]
 
.panel2-hist1-auto[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/hist1_auto_05_output-1.png)
]

---
class: inverse, center, middle

# 2. Kernel Density

`geom_density()`

---

```r
# 1. Data
*gapminder
```
]
 
.panel2-hist2-auto[

---
count: false
 
### 2. Kernel Density
.panel1-hist2-auto[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
* ggplot(aes(x = lifeExp))
```
]
 
.panel2-hist2-auto[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/hist2_auto_02_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 2. Kernel Density
.panel1-hist2-auto[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
* geom_density()
```
]
 
.panel2-hist2-auto[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/hist2_auto_03_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 2. Kernel Density
.panel1-hist2-auto[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
  geom_density() +
# 4. customize: titles
* labs(x = "Average Life Expectancy",
*      y = "Density",
*      title = "How long will you live?",
*      subtitle = "1952 to 2007")
```
]
 
.panel2-hist2-auto[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/hist2_auto_04_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 2. Kernel Density
.panel1-hist2-auto[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
  geom_density() +
# 4. customize: titles
  labs(x = "Average Life Expectancy",
       y = "Density",
       title = "How long will you live?",
       subtitle = "1952 to 2007")  +
# 4. customize: one panel per continent
* facet_wrap(~continent)
```
]
 
.panel2-hist2-auto[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/hist2_auto_05_output-1.png)
]

---
class: inverse, center, middle

# 3. Cumulative Distributions

`stat_ecdf()`

---

```r
# 1. Data
*gapminder
```
]
 
.panel2-hist3-auto[

---
count: false
 
### 3. Cumulative Distribution
.panel1-hist3-auto[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
* ggplot(aes(x = lifeExp))
```
]
 
.panel2-hist3-auto[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/hist3_auto_02_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 3. Cumulative Distribution
.panel1-hist3-auto[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
* stat_ecdf()
```
]
 
.panel2-hist3-auto[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/hist3_auto_03_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 3. Cumulative Distribution
.panel1-hist3-auto[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
  stat_ecdf() +
# 4. customize: titles
* labs(x = "Average Life Expectancy",
*      y = "Proportion",
*      title = "How long will you live?",
*      subtitle = "1952 to 2007")
```
]
 
.panel2-hist3-auto[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/hist3_auto_04_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 3. Cumulative Distribution
.panel1-hist3-auto[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
  stat_ecdf() +
# 4. customize: titles
  labs(x = "Average Life Expectancy",
       y = "Proportion",
       title = "How long will you live?",
       subtitle = "1952 to 2007")  +
# 4. customize: one panel per continent
* facet_wrap(~continent)
```
]
 
.panel2-hist3-auto[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/hist3_auto_05_output-1.png)
]

---
class: inverse, center, middle

# 4. Boxplot

`geom_boxplot()`

---

```r
# 1. Data
*gapminder
```
]
 
.panel2-hist4-auto[

---
count: false
 
### 4. Boxplot
.panel1-hist4-auto[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
* ggplot(aes(x = continent, y = lifeExp))
```
]
 
.panel2-hist4-auto[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/hist4_auto_02_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 4. Boxplot
.panel1-hist4-auto[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = continent, y = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
* geom_boxplot()
```
]
 
.panel2-hist4-auto[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/hist4_auto_03_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 4. Boxplot
.panel1-hist4-auto[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = continent, y = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
  geom_boxplot() +
# 4. customize: titles
* labs(x = "Continent",
*      y = "Life Expectancy",
*      title = "How long will you live?",
*      subtitle = "1952 to 2007")
```
]
 
.panel2-hist4-auto[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/hist4_auto_04_output-1.png)
]

---
class: inverse, center, middle

# 5. Themes

`theme_`

---

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = continent, y = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
  geom_boxplot() +
# 4. customize: titles
  labs(x = "Continent",
       y = "Life Expectancy",
       title = "How long will you live?",
       subtitle = "1952 to 2007") +
# customize: theme
* theme_gray()
```
]
 
.panel2-theme-rotate[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/theme_rotate_01_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 5. Themes
.panel1-theme-rotate[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = continent, y = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
  geom_boxplot() +
# 4. customize: titles
  labs(x = "Continent",
       y = "Life Expectancy",
       title = "How long will you live?",
       subtitle = "1952 to 2007") +
# customize: theme
* theme_minimal()
```
]
 
.panel2-theme-rotate[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/theme_rotate_02_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 5. Themes
.panel1-theme-rotate[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = continent, y = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
  geom_boxplot() +
# 4. customize: titles
  labs(x = "Continent",
       y = "Life Expectancy",
       title = "How long will you live?",
       subtitle = "1952 to 2007") +
# customize: theme
* theme_bw()
```
]
 
.panel2-theme-rotate[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/theme_rotate_03_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 5. Themes
.panel1-theme-rotate[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = continent, y = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
  geom_boxplot() +
# 4. customize: titles
  labs(x = "Continent",
       y = "Life Expectancy",
       title = "How long will you live?",
       subtitle = "1952 to 2007") +
# customize: theme
* theme_dark()
```
]
 
.panel2-theme-rotate[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/theme_rotate_04_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 5. Themes
.panel1-theme-rotate[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = continent, y = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
  geom_boxplot() +
# 4. customize: titles
  labs(x = "Continent",
       y = "Life Expectancy",
       title = "How long will you live?",
       subtitle = "1952 to 2007") +
# customize: theme
* theme_light()
```
]
 
.panel2-theme-rotate[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/theme_rotate_05_output-1.png)
]

---
count: false
 
### 5. Themes
.panel1-theme-rotate[

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = continent, y = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
  geom_boxplot() +
# 4. customize: titles
  labs(x = "Continent",
       y = "Life Expectancy",
       title = "How long will you live?",
       subtitle = "1952 to 2007") +
# customize: theme
* theme_classic()
```
]
 
.panel2-theme-rotate[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/theme_rotate_06_output-1.png)
]

---
class: inverse, center, middle

# 6. Color

---

```r
# 1. Data
gapminder %>%
# 2. blank canvas
  ggplot(aes(x = lifeExp)) +
# 3. paint
* geom_histogram() +
# 4. customize: titles
  labs(x = "Continent",
       y = "Life Expectancy",
       title = "How long will you live?",
       subtitle = "1952 to 2007")
```
]
 
.panel2-color-rotate[
![](ggplot_distributions_files/figure-html/color_rotate_01_output-1.png)
]